Contracts

What to bear in mind when signing a rental contract

So you've found the right place to live? Take a breath of relief. The most difficult part is over. Negotiating rental agreements is generally straightforward and easy. You just need to make sure you understand everything and be aware of how some things work.

Contract: A typical contract runs for one year. Be sure to read the contract carefully and ensure everything is clear. If the contract specifies inventory (dishes, linen, etc.), make sure the items are there. In addition, check that all electrical appliances and utilities are in working order. Don't take a verbal guarantee that defective items will be fixed later, get it written down in the contract or done now.

Utilities/gastos de comunidad: Depending on the landlord, utility expenses and community fees ( gastos de la comunidad) may or may not be included in the rent. Community fees generally cover the costs of the doorman, general maintenance and trash collection and sometimes one or more of the utilities. Just be sure to ask which items you will have to pay for individually (in particular, heating can be a rather large expense.)

Deposit: Most landlords ask for a security deposit ( fianza) of 1 month and sometimes 2 months if the flat is furnished. Anything more than this should be avoided. You also may be able to negotiate the conditions concerning the return date of the deposit or try to use it to pay the last month's rent. Naturally, it is preferable to get any additional agreement in writing.

Other guarantees: Given that Spain's legal system does not offer strong protection to property owners, it is very common for landlords to ask for additional guarantees. If you are working, a copy of a payslip ( nómina) is requested as proof that your monthly salary exceeds the rent. If you are a student, landlords may require a letter from your school to certify you have the necessary means.

Aval bancario: As a further guarantee, landlords sometimes request an aval bancario. It is essentially a letter of credit from a Spanish bank guaranteeing that if you default on your obligations, the bank will pay whatever is owned for the remainder of the contract.

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