Bus or tram stops are clearly marked and you can find the schedules of the respective lines there.
Every Czech town has their own public transport company (MHD) with web pages for any inquiries. There is also a single internet timetable IDOS where you can search for any transport connection (urban, national or international). Be sure you spell the names of Czech towns correctly in Czech or you will not find your destination.
Bus and tram
Bus (autobus) and tram (tramvaj) services are available during the day and at night. The operation time is from around 5 AM to midnight. The trams usually operate at town's centres and the places of the town which are not reached by buses.
Taxi
It is advisable to call a taxi through a taxi company, especially in Prague. You can get a number for a taxi company at railway stations or hotels. With some taxi companies, it is possible to make a reservation by just sending an SMS, and there are several radio taxi companies with English speaking operators.
The fixed charge for the taxi service is CZK 28 per minute. If needed, the taxi driver is obliged to give you a receipt.
Tickets and passes
In buses, you either insert coins into a yellow box or you validate your ticket (jízdenka) in a yellow machine, both at the bus entrance. In a tram, you always validate your ticket in the yellow machines. To buy a ticket go and ask in a newspaper stand (trafika) or get it from the ticket vending machines at a bus or tram stop.
Public transport tickets must be purchased before travelling. If you forget to validate your ticket, you will be fined on the spot by the ticket inspector. They do not excuse passengers for not knowing how to validate their ticket or having neglected to do it. If you refuse or cannot pay right away, the fine increases.